Osteoporosis: Causes and Symptoms
Osteoporosis is a disease that weakens bones, making them more fragile and prone to breaking. It can affect any bone in the body, but it most commonly affects the hip, spine, and wrist.
Causes of Osteoporosis
There are several factors that can contribute to osteoporosis, including:
- Age: As we age, our bones naturally lose density.
- Sex: Women are more likely than men to develop osteoporosis, especially after menopause. This is due to the decrease in estrogen production.
- Family history: Having a family history of osteoporosis increases your risk.
- Body size: People with small body frames or those who are very thin are at higher risk.
- Diet: A diet low in calcium and vitamin D can contribute to osteoporosis.
- Lifestyle factors: Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and a sedentary lifestyle can all increase your risk.
- Certain medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, celiac disease, and Cushing’s syndrome, can also increase your risk of osteoporosis.
- Medications: Long-term use of certain medications, such as corticosteroids and some anti-seizure medications, can weaken bones.
Symptoms of Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is often called a “silent disease” because there are usually no symptoms in the early stages. However, once bones have become weak, you may experience the following symptoms:
- Bone fractures that occur easily, especially after a minor fall or bump
- Back pain, caused by a fractured or collapsed vertebra in the spine
- Loss of height over time
- A stooped posture
If you are concerned about your risk of osteoporosis, talk to your doctor. They can assess your risk factors and recommend a bone density test to measure the strength of your bones.
Here are some additional tips for keeping your bones healthy:
- Eat a healthy diet that includes plenty of calcium and vitamin D.
- Get regular weight-bearing exercise, such as walking, running, or dancing.
- Maintain a healthy weight.
- Don’t smoke.
- Limit alcohol consumption.